†Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgv e¯‘Z GK cÖKvi Pg© RvZxq wRwbm, hv wKbv Kv‡bi g‡a¨ KvbcKv †ivM ˆZwi K‡i Ges †mUv wewfbœ DcmM©, cvk¦©cÖwZwµqv GgbwK †ivMxi g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ NUv‡Z cv‡i| †Rvnv‡bœm wgDjvi 1838 mv‡j cÖ_g †Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgv bvgK e¯‘wUi K_v wjwce× K‡ib| H mgq wKš‘ GwU‡K fzj cÖwZkã wn‡m‡e hw`I MY¨ Kiv n‡Zv, Z‡e Gi fqenZv m¤^‡Ü Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv m‡›`n wQj bv|
†Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgvi cÖKvi‡f` :
GwU cÖavbZ `yai‡bi n‡q _v‡K, †hgb (1) Kb‡RwbUvj ev Rb¥MZ (2) G‡KvqvW© ev R‡b¥i c‡i| Kb‡RwbUvj †Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgv m¤^‡Ü wewkó wPwKrmv weÁvbx WvijvwK I †K¬wgm cÖ_g wjwce× K‡ib| Dbviv G m¤^‡Ü we¯Íi wj‡L‡Qb| Z‡e me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv †h, G †ivM R‡b¥i AvM †_‡K P‡g©i †Kv‡li b¨vq GK cÖKvi e¯‘ Kv‡bi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i Zv ga¨ ev AšÍtKY©‡K aŸsm K‡i| GB Kb‡RwbUvj †Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgv †iv‡M wKš‘ Kv‡bi c`©vq †Kv‡bv wQ`ª _v‡K bv| Ggwb Kvb †_‡K cuyR ev cuyR RvZxq wRwbm wbM©Z nq bv| A‡bK w`b _vKvi ci nq‡Zv Kv‡b cÖ`vn nq wKsev cvk¦©cÖwZwµqvq AvµvšÍ wewfbœ A½cÖZ¨‡½i weKjv½Zv †`Lv †`q| GB †ivM mvaviYZ wkï-wK‡kvi‡`i †ewk †`Lv hvq| G‡KvqvW© ev R‡b¥i c‡ii †Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgv †h †Kv‡bv eq‡mi †jv‡Ki n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Gi A‡bK m~Î ev w_‡qvwi i‡q‡Q| hv †nvK, †hfv‡eB †nvK bv †Kb, G mg¯Í †ivMx‡`i Kvb †_‡K cuyR ev cyuR RvZxq c`v_© wbM©Z nq Ges Kv‡b Kg †kvbv jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq †ivMxiv GKgvÎ Kvb eÜ ev Kv‡b Kg †kvbv Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv jÿYB Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
G‡KvqvW© †Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgvi DrcwË :
†h‡nZz GB ai‡bi †Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgv AZ¨šÍ †ewk n‡q _v‡K, ZvB mvaviY †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ GB †ivM m¤^‡Ü wKQz aviYv _vKv `iKvi, hv wKbv cieZx©‡Z G †iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| wkï-wK‡kvi eq‡mB †Kv‡bv †ivMxi Kvb e¨_v, mw`©R¡‡ii m‡½ Kvb eÜ, Kv‡b Kg †kvbv, cov‡jLvq Ag‡bv‡hvMx, †Uwjwfk‡bi Lye wbK‡U e‡m wUwf †`Lv, K¬v‡m wkÿ‡Ki cov‡jLv wVKg‡Zv bv eySv, H¸‡jvi m‡½ wLUwL‡U †gRvR, Kvb †_‡K cuyR ev cuyRRvZxq c`v_© wbM©Z nq| †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y Kv‡bi c`©vq wQ`ª K‡i cvwb †ei Kiv ev Kv‡bi c`©vq wUDe wdU Kiv BZ¨vw`i †ÿ‡Î G †Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgv n‡Z cv‡i| hwZ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y gva¨K‡Y© ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq e¨vNvZ N‡U, ZLb c`©vi evB‡i w¯‹‡bi GKwU ¯Íi Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í Kv‡bi c`©v †f` K‡i ga¨K‡Y© cÖ‡ek K‡i| ZvB †Zv wPwKrmv weÁvbxiv GUv‡K Ôw¯‹b Bb isÕ †cøm e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| hw`I GB w¯‹b Avgv‡`i kix‡ii †mŠ›`h© I cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv ˆZwi K‡i, Z‡e GwU hw` ¯^vfvweK RvqMv †_‡K Ab¨ †Kv‡bv RvqMvq Ae¯’vb K‡i, Z‡e Zvi fqvenZv AZ¨šÍ KwVb nq| ZvB GB w¯‹b evo‡Z evo‡Z ga¨KY©, AšÍtKY©, Kv‡bi Avkcv‡ki RvqMv I gw¯Í®‹ AvµvšÍ K‡i wewfbœ cÖKvi cvk¦©cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i| GgbwK RxebnvwbI NU‡Z cv‡i|
DcmM© :
†h‡nZz †Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgv Kvb cvKv †iv‡Mi m‡½ n‡q _v‡K ZvB KvbcvKv †iv‡Mi Dcm‡M©i m‡½ wbgœewY©Z jÿY †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i :
(1) Kvb †_‡K cuyR ev cuyR RvZxq c`v_© wbM©Z; GB cuy‡Ri ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q GwU AZ¨šÍ `yM©Ühy³ ev cPv MÜ| mnmvB ejv nq †h, hw` †KD GB MÜ nv‡Z jvwM‡q Abyfe K‡i Z‡e †m Rxe‡b GB †ivM m¤^‡Ü fzj Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| hw`I GB c`v‡_©i cwigvY AZ¨šÍ Kg wKš‘ Gi NbZ¡ Lye †ewk|
(2) Kv‡b Kg †kvbv : A‡bK mgq †ivMx Kv‡b Kg †kvbvi e¨vcv‡i †Zgb GKUv ¸iæZ¡ †`q bv| Z‡e †h‡nZz GB †ivM cÖ_‡g ga¨KY© AvµvšÍ K‡i ZvB ga¨K‡Y©i Kv‡b †kvbvi †QvU †QvU nvo¸‡jv aŸsm K‡i Kv‡b †kvbvi kÖeYkw³ bó K‡i †`q|
(3) gv_ve¨_v, gv_vaiv, gv_v‡Nviv BZ¨vw`
(4) Kv‡b †fv †fuv kã
(5) gyLeuvKv
(6) R¡iR¡i fve, Z‡e gv_ve¨_vi c‡ii DcmM©¸‡jv cvk¦©cÖwZwµqvi Rb¨ n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ hw` †ivMx wKsev wPwKrm‡Ki ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb bv Ki‡Z cv‡ib Z‡e †h †Kv‡bv mgq GB †ivM gvivZ¥K iƒc aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Kvb cixÿv :
†ivMxi Dc‡iv³ Dcm‡M©i m‡½ AZ¨šÍ my›`i K‡i Kv‡bi cixÿv K‡i wPwKrmv Kiv `iKvi| Kvb †`Lvi hš¿ w`‡q Kv‡bi c`©vi wewfbœ RvqMv¸‡jv †`‡L wb‡Z n‡e| hw` †Kv‡bv cuyR ev gqjv H mg¯Í RvqMv †X‡K iv‡L, Zvi mvKkb h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ Kvb cwi®‹vi K‡i mwVKfv‡e cixÿv Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z hw` †Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgv m¤^‡Ü †Kv‡bv m‡›`n _v‡K, Z‡e gvB‡µv‡¯‹v‡ci mvn‡h¨ AwZ m~²fv‡e †ivM wbY©q Kiv DwPZ| Gic‡iI Kv‡bi G·-†i I wmwU ¯‹¨vb K‡i GB †Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgvi AbycÖ‡ek I aŸsmhÁ †`‡L wb‡Z n‡e, hv wKbv cieZ©x‡Z wPwKrmvi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| mwVKfv‡e †ivM wbY©q bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j wPwKrmvi †ÿ‡Î wKQz bv wKQz ÎæwU †_‡K hv‡e †mUvB ¯^vfvweK| Avi GB we›`ygvÎ AskI hw` Kv‡bi g‡a¨ †_‡K hvq ev AcmviY bv Kiv nq Z‡e Avevi GB †ivM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|
cvk¦© cÖwZwµqv :
GB †iv‡Mi wewfbœ iK‡gi cvk¦© cÖwZwµqv n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb : gv_vi Lywji g‡a¨Ñ (1) †eªB‡bi wSwjøi cÖ`vn (2) i³bvjxi cÖ`vn ev eÜ n‡q hvIqv (3) wSwjøi evB‡i cuyR Rgv (4) wSwjøi †fZ‡i cyuR Rgv (5) †eªB‡bi cÖ`vn (6) †eªB‡bi †fZ‡ii Pvc e„w×|
†eªB‡bi evB‡i : (1) gyLeuvKv (2) AšÍtK‡Y©i cÖ`vn (3) G ai‡bi cÖ`v‡n Kv‡bi kÖeYkw³ G‡Kev‡i †jvc †c‡Z cv‡i, gv_v †Nv‡i, nuvU‡Z bv cviv wKsev Kv‡b †fuv †fuv kã DcmM© †`Lv †`q (4) Kv‡bi †cQ‡bi w`‡K cyuR Rgv (5) Nv‡oi wewfbœ RvqMvq cyuR Rgv BZ¨vw`|
wPwKrmv :
GB †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv mvaviYZ Acv‡ik‡bi gva¨‡g Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e hw` †Kv‡bv †ivMxi †Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgv AZ¨šÍ †QvU Ges mnmvB †`Lv hvq, Z‡e mvKkb h‡š¿i Øviv gvB‡µv‡¯‹v‡ci mvnv‡h¨ †ei K‡i Avb‡Z n‡e| †mB m‡½ Kv‡bi †h Ask ga¨K‡Y©i w`‡K Xz‡K †M‡Q, †mB As‡ki wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| eZ©gv‡b Gi Rb¨ AZ¨vaywbK wPwKrmv †ewi‡q‡Q, hv wKbv GB †iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡iva I cvk¦© cÖwZwµqvi weiæ‡× KvR K‡i| †m e¨e¯’vi †MÖv‡gU ev Ventilation Tube ga¨K‡Y© Xy‡K hvIqv c`©vi As‡k gvB‡µv‡¯‹v‡ci mvn‡h¨ m~²fv‡e emv‡Z n‡e|
Acv‡ikb :
hw` ga¨K‡Y©i g‡a¨ †Kv‡jw÷qv‡Uvgv Dcw¯’wZ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq Ges Dc‡iv³ Dcv‡q Gi wPwKrmv ch©vß bv nq, ZLb m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e Aek¨B Acv‡ikb Ki‡Z n‡e| Acv‡ik‡bi mgq AvµvšÍ RvqMv¸‡jv gvB‡µv‡¯‹vc I gvB‡µvwWª‡ji mvnv‡h¨ m¤ú~Y© wbg~©j Ki‡Z n‡e|
†ivM wbg~©‡ji ci cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a Ges cwi‡ek AbyK‚‡j _vK‡j Kv‡bi g‡a¨ †h mKj Ask bó n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡i kÖeYkw³i DbœwZ Ki‡Z nq| hw`I Kv‡bi Acv‡ik‡b Kv‡bi evwn¨K †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv| ZviciI †ivMxi aviYv, Kv‡bi †mŠ›`h© bó nq e‡j A‡b‡KB G †ivM wPwKrmv bv K‡i G †ivM‡i fqven cvk¦© cÖwZwµqvi Ke‡j c‡o| ejvevûj¨ A‡bK †ivMx w`‡bi ci w`b G ai‡bi †iv‡M fzM‡Q| wKš‘ A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Kvi‡Y Zviv wPwKrmv †_‡K ewÂZ I Ae‡nwjZ| †h‡nZz G †ivM AZ¨šÍ fqven, AZGe Kvj‡ÿcY bv K‡i G †iv‡Mi DcmM© eyS‡Z cvivi m‡½ m‡½ wbKU¯’ nvmcvZvj ev GKRb Kvb we‡kl‡Ái m‡½ civgk© Kiv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi|
:: Aa¨vcK †gRi (Ae.) †gvt Avkivdyj Bmjvg
bvK, Kvb I Mjv we‡klÁ I wefvMxq cÖavb,
BGbwU-†nW I †bK mvR©vwi wefvM
evsjv‡`k †gwW‡Kj K‡jR GÛ nvmcvZvj|
