ÔAwURgÕÑ wkï‡`i GK A™¢yZ g‡bi †ivM; ejv †h‡Z cv‡i g‡bvRvMwZK mgm¨v| G †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y wkï‡`i †h wZb ai‡bi mgm¨v †`Lv hvq Zv n‡jvÑ †gŠwLK wKsev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖKvi †hvMv‡hvM mgm¨v, mvgvwRK weKvkMZ mgm¨v, Lye mxgve× Ges MwÐeä Rxebhvcb I wPšÍvfvebv Ges cybive„wËg~jK AvPiY †`Lv †`qv| G Qvov AwZ PvÂj¨, †Rw` I AvµgYvZ¥K AvPiY, A‡nZzK fqfxwZ, wLuPzwb BZ¨vw` wkï‡`i g‡a¨ †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|
AwURg wK?
1943 mv‡j GKRb Av‡gwiKvb wPwKrmK wjI K¨vbvi wkï‡`i AvPiY Mfxifv‡e ch©‡e¶Y K‡i 11 Rb wkïi g‡a¨ AvPiYMZ ˆemv`„k¨ j¶ K‡ib Ges GB mg¯Í A¯^vfvweK AvPiYKvix wkï‡`i‡K †ivMx wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| wZwbB GB †iv‡Mi bvgKiY K‡ib ÔAwURgÕ| cieZ©x‡Z cÖvq eQiLv‡bK ci Aw÷ªqvi wPwKrmK n¨vÝ G¨vmcviRviI wkï‡`i Ici M‡elYv K‡i wKQy wkï‡`i g‡a¨ AvPiYMZ ˆemv`„k¨ j¶ K‡ib| gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv wZwbI wkï‡`i GB †ivMwUi bvgKiY K‡ib ÔAwURgÕ| GB bvgKi‡Yi Av‡M ch©šÍ Zviv †KD KvD‡K wPb‡Zb bv Ges bvgKiYI K‡iwQ‡jb Zviv m¤ú~Y© ¯^Zš¿fv‡eB| wMÖK kã ÔA‡UvmÕ †_‡K ÔAwURgÕ k‡ãi DrcwË| ÔA‡UvmÕ k‡ãi A_© ÔwbRÕ| ÔAwURgÕ-G AvµvšÍ †ivMx mKj cÖKvi mvgvwRKZv †_‡K wb‡R‡K ¸wU‡q wb‡q AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK nq e‡j GB †ivM‡K ÔAwURgÕ bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wek¦ AwURg m‡PZbZv w`em wKfv‡e G‡jv?
2007 mv‡ji 18 wW‡m¤^i KvZv‡i AbywôZ RvwZms‡Ni 62Zg mvaviY mfvq we‡k¦ AwURg m¤ú‡K© e¨vcK MYm‡PZbZv M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶¨ 2 GwcÖj‡K Ôwek¦ AwURg m‡PZbZv w`emÕ wn‡m‡e cvj‡bi D‡`¨vM †bqv nq| GiB avivevwnKZvq 2008 mv‡ji 2 GwcÖj cÖ_g wek¦ AwURg m‡PZbZv w`em cvjb Kiv nq| R‡b¥i ci h‡Zv ZvovZvwo m¤¢e wkïi AvPi‡Yi A¯^vfvweKZv †`‡L AwUw÷K wkï‡K wPwýZ K‡i wPwKrmv ïiæ K‡i Zv‡K mgv‡Ri ¯^vfvweK gvby‡li g‡Zv M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶B mviv we‡k¦i g‡Zv evsjv‡`‡kI cÖwZ eQi †ek NUv K‡i wek¦ AwURg m‡PZbZv w`em cvjb Kiv nq|
†ivM †Pbvi Dcvq
mvaviYZ wkïi eqm 18 gvm †_‡K 3 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ G †ivM e¨_©nxbfv‡e kbv³ Kiv m¤¢e nq| GLv‡b D‡jøL¨, h‡Zv `ªæZ †ivMwU kbv³ Kiv hvq, wkïi Rb¨ Z‡ZvB g½j| mvaviYZ wbgœwjwLZ ˆewk󨸇jvi wkï‡`i g‡a¨ _vK‡j AwURg †ivMwU kbv³KiY m¤¢e :
# G‡`i fvlvi weKvk n‡Z wej¤^ nq (GK eQi eq‡m A_©en A½fw½, 16 gvm eq‡m GKwU kã Ges 2 eQi eq‡m 2 k‡ãi evK¨ ej‡Z cv‡i bv)|
# GB †iv‡M AvµvšÍ wkï mgeqmx wKsev Ab¨‡`i m‡½ mvgvwRK m¤úK© M‡o Zyj‡Z cv‡i bv|
# Giv bvg a‡i WvK‡jI mvov †`q bv Ges Avcb g‡b _vK‡Z cQ›` K‡i|
# Giv Ab¨‡`i †Pv‡Li w`‡K ZvKvq bv| A‡b¨i w`‡K ZvwK‡q nv‡m bv wKsev Av`i Ki‡jI Z‡ZvUv mvov †`q bv|
# GKB wRwbm cybive„wË K‡i Ges GKB KvR evievi Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡i|
# G‡`i KvRKg© Ges mwµqZv mxwgZ ev MwÐe×|
# cwi‡ek Ges Avkcv‡ki †Kv‡bv cwie©Zb Lye AcQ›` K‡i|
# Giv KL‡bv KL‡bv AwZ mwµq, Avevi KL‡bv KL‡bv Lye Kg mwµq nq| AwZmwµqZv †_‡K KL‡bv KL‡bv wLuPzwb n‡Z cv‡i|
# mvaviYZ †`vjbv/iwKs †Pqvi ev G RvZxq cybive„wËg~jK †Ljv cQ›` K‡i|
# mvaviYZ †Ljbv w`‡q †Kv‡bv MVbg~jK †Ljv †Lj‡Z cv‡i bv A_ev †Kv‡bv we‡kl †Ljbvi cÖwZ AZ¨waK †gvn †`Lv hvq|
# KL‡bv g‡b n‡Z cv‡i †h, Giv Kv‡b ïb‡Z cvq bv|
# Giv gv‡K ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wcÖqRb‡K Rwo‡q a‡i bv Ges Zv‡`i †KD ai‡jI †Zgb cÖwZwµqv †`Lvq bv A_ev AZ¨šÍ ÿzä cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i|
# Giv KL‡bv KL‡bv AvZ¥cxob K‡i Ges g‡b nq Zv‡Z †m †Zgb Kó cvq bv|
# †Kv‡bv we‡kl wKQyi cÖwZ AZ¨waK AvKl©Y _v‡K| †hgbÑ KvMR †Quov, cvwb ev Zij c`v_© w`‡q †Ljv, Pvj ev Wvj RvZxq `vbv`vi wKQy w`‡q †Ljv BZ¨vw`|
# †Kv‡bv we‡kl ms‡e`‡bi cÖwZ A¯^vfvweK AvPiY K‡i| †hgbÑ Av‡jv‡Z †PvL eÜ Kiv, kã ïb‡j Kv‡b nvZ †`qv, `yM©‡Ü †Kv‡bv cÖwZwµqv bv Kiv, ¯^v‡` †Zgb †Kv‡bv Awfe¨w³ cÖKvk bv Kiv BZ¨vw`|
AwURg †iv‡Mi KviY
GL‡bv ch©šÍ AwURg †Kb nq Zvi mwVK KviY D`NvUb m¤¢e nqwb| Rb¥-cie©ZxKv‡ji †Kv‡bv RwUjZv wKsev wkïi cÖwZ Ag‡bv‡hvwMZvi d‡j G †iv‡Mi m„wó nq bv| Kv‡RB †Kv‡bv evev-gv I AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb wb‡R‡`i †`vlx fvev A_ev evev-gv‡K `vqx Kivi †Kv‡bv †hŠw³KZv †bB|
Avgv‡`i †`‡k mwVK Z_¨ bv _vK‡jI M‡o cÖwZ nvRv‡i 10 †_‡K 20wU wkï G †iv‡M AvµvšÍ e‡j we‡klÁiv g‡b Ki‡Qb| DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z G msL¨v Av‡iv †ewk e‡j Rvbv †M‡Q|
†iv‡Mi wPwK?mv
# AwURg mvwi‡q †Zvjvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Kvh©Kix wPwKrmv GL‡bv ch©šÍ Avwe®‹…Z nqwb| Kv‡RB Rv`yKix ev bvUKxq †Kv‡bviƒc civg‡k© weåvšÍ nIqv †evKvwg| Z‡e wb‡R‡`i m¤ú~Y© Amnvq g‡b KivUvI wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi AMÖhvÎvi GB hy‡M mwVK bq|
# AwUw÷K wkïiv KL‡bv we‡kl we‡kl †¶‡Î AZ¨šÍ cvi`k©x nq| h_vh_fv‡e Zv‡`i cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡j Zviv m¤ú~Y© ¯^vfvweK Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z cvi‡e weavq Zv‡`i cÖwZeÜx AvL¨vwqZ Kiv mwVK bq|
AwUw÷K wkï‡`i cÖwk¶Y
# DbœZ Ges Dbœqbkxj A‡bK †`‡k AwUw÷K wkï‡`i cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ e¨e¯’v Av‡Q| eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i †`‡kI †ekwKQy cÖwZôvb G ai‡bi wkï‡`i wb‡q KvR Ki‡Q| c„w_exi A‡bK †`‡k GB wkï‡`i Rb¨ cwiPvwjZ cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª¸‡jv mvaviYZ G ai‡bi wkï‡`i evev-gv‡qiv cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡Kb| cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª¸‡jvi `vwqZ¡ n‡jv `ªæZ wkïwU‡K GK ch©vq †_‡K Ab¨ ch©v‡q DbœZ Kivi c_wU Db¥y³ Kiv| G †¶‡Î evev-gv Ges cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨ I cwiPh©vKvix‡`i wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i cÖwk¶Y w`‡Z n‡e|
¯^vejw¤^Zv weKvk
# †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ †h KvR¸‡jv Kiv Aek¨B `iKvi †m¸‡jv cÖwk¶Y w`‡Z n‡e|
ms‡e`bkxjZvi mgš^q
# G ai‡bi wkï‡`i ms‡e`bkxjZv AZ¨šÍ cÖLi A_ev AcÖZzj nIqvq Zv‡`i ms‡e`bkxjZvi mgš^q bv Kiv n‡j †Kv‡bv wKQy wkL‡Z wKsev g‡bvms‡hvM Ki‡Z A‡bK wej¤^ nq|
kvixwiK Ges Kg©¶gZv e„w×i cÖwk¶Y
# wkï‡`i m‡½ gy‡LvgywL Ges GKB DPZvq I †Pv‡L †Pv‡L †i‡L K_v ej‡Z n‡e|
# †Vuv‡Ui bovPov Ges †Pv‡Li I nv‡Zi mÂvjb AbymiY Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z n‡e|
# ¯^vfvweKfv‡e wkïwU †Kv‡bv kã DPviY Ki‡j Zv‡K A_©c~Y© k‡ã iƒcvšÍi Kivi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|
# ïiæ‡Z AwZ `iKvwi wKQy mnR Ges GKK †m‡jej hy³ kã wbe©vPb K‡i †m¸‡jv †kLv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgbÑ gv, evev, cvwb, fvZ, Rvgv, RyZv, eB, ej BZ¨vw`|
# †kLv‡bv K_v¸‡jv evievi Ges cÖwZw`b cybive„wË Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z †Kv‡bvfv‡eB wkïwU wk‡L †djv k㸇jv fz‡j †h‡Z bv cv‡i|
# kix‡ii A½cÖZ¨½, Qwei eB, `iKvwi wRwbmcÎ BZ¨vw` †`wL‡q ax‡i ax‡i †kLv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|
# K_v ej‡Z bv cvi‡j Zv‡K Qwei fvlv †`qvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e, †hb Qwe †`wL‡q Zvi Pvwn`v †evSv‡Z cv‡i|
# Gici ax‡i ax‡i A¶i, msL¨v, QovMv‡bi K¨v‡mU, wfwWI BZ¨vw`i cÖwZ AvKl©Y evov‡Z n‡e Ges †kLv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|
mvgvwRKZv I AvPiYMZ weKvk
# mgeqmx wkï‡`i m‡½ wgk‡Z I fv‡ei Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡Z n‡e|
# KL‡bvB GKvKx †Lj‡Z †`qv hv‡e bv|
# Av`vb-cÖ`vbg~jK †Ljv †hgbÑ ej †`qv-†bqv, Mvwo †`qv-†bqv BZ¨vw` wbqg K‡i wkï‡`i m‡½ †Lj‡Z n‡e| cÖ_‡g mnR †hgbÑ jy‡KvPzwi, UzwK BZ¨vw` †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i MVbg~jK †Ljv †Lj‡Z n‡e|
# wkï‡K †Ljvi gv‡V/cv‡K© wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e Ges mnRfv‡e Pjv‡div Ki‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
# ZË¡veav‡bi m‡½ wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡i Ab¨‡`i m‡½ †Ljvq mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ AbycÖvwYZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
# wkïwU‡K me mvgvwRK Abyôvbvw`‡Z wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e|
# ÔGUv a‡iv bvÕ, ÔIUv K‡iv bvÕ Ñmviv¶Y G RvZxq wbqš¿Y Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e|
# †KD †hb wkïwU‡K Zz”QZvw”Qj¨ bv K‡i, weiƒc mgv‡jvPbv bv K‡i Ges †Kv‡bv KwVb AvPiY bv K‡i Zvi cÖwZ mZK© `„wó ivL‡Z n‡e|
Riæwi welq¸‡jv †kLv‡bvi Dcvq Kx?
cÖ_‡gB wbwðZ †nvb Avcbvi wkïwU Kx Kx wRwbm, welq, Lvevi, †Ljbv BZ¨vw` Lye cQ›` K‡i| G¸‡jv cÖwk¶Y mnvqKkw³ wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwk¶Y mnvqK welqwU‡K wkïi `„wómxgvi g‡a¨ †i‡L Zv‡K Avk¦¯Í Ki‡Z n‡e †h, wb‡`©wkZ KvRwU Ki‡j Zvi cQ‡›`i wRwbmwU †`qv n‡e| Gfv‡e wk¶Yxq KvRwU †m wbfz©j K‡i GKbvMv‡o 3-5 evi Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zvi Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡K cyi¯‹…Z Ki‡Z n‡e|
we‡klÁ I cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª
XvKvq XvKv wkï nvmcvZvj Ges e½eÜz †kL gywRe †gwW‡Kj wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wkï wbD‡ivjwR wefvM, PÆMÖv‡g PÆMÖvg gv I wkï nvmcvZvj I wkï weKvk †K‡›`ª AwUw÷K wkï‡`i wb‡q KvR K‡ib Ggb †ek K‡qKRb we‡klÁ wPwKrmK Ges bvwm©s ÷vd i‡q‡Qb| XvKvq AwURg I‡qj‡dqvi dvD‡Ûkb, †Kqvwis †MÛvwi, weDwUdzj gvBÛmn †ekwKQy †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb G ai‡bi wkï‡`i wb‡q KvR Ki‡Q|
Z‡e G K_v gvb‡ZB n‡e †h AwUw÷K wkï‡K mgv‡Ri Ab¨ wkï‡`i m‡½ ¯^vfvweKfv‡e M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ †h `¶ Rbej ev wPwKrmv e¨e¯’v _vKv DwPZ Zv Av‡Rv Avgv‡`i †`‡k ch©vß bq| Z‡e Avkvi evYx n‡jv e¨vcKfv‡e Rbm‡PZbZv M‡o IVvq ax‡i ax‡i Avgv‡`i †`‡k AwURg wb‡q gvbyl †ek m‡PZb n‡”Q hv AwUw÷K wkï‡`i ¯^vfvweK Rxebhvc‡b †ek mnvqK| Avmyb AwURg m¤ú‡K© Rvwb, Aci‡K RvbvB Ges AwUw÷K wkï‡`i ¯^vfvweK weKv‡k mnvqZv Kwi|
:: Wv. myeªZ †Nvl